Own Business Essay Example for Free

Own Business Essay If I somehow managed to go into business, the primary choice I would make would be in choosing what item or administration my organization would create or give. For instance, do I have a more noteworthy enthusiasm for the zone of creation or administration? In choosing this, I would investigate the market to decide whether there was a requirement for the item or administration I was thinking about. I would likewise lead exploration to figure out what territory (s) would be a portion of the better regions to start the sort of business I plan on attempted. Things I should seriously mull over would be the opposition, observable requirement for my item or administration in the territory and in any event, introducing the thought at an open gathering in the zone while assessing the reaction I get. Another key kind of choice would decide the size of the business. Alongside deciding for instance whether the business would be a private company, medium-size or huge business, I would need to decide the staffing needs of the business. As Al Coke expressed in the book, â€Å"Seven Steps to a Successful Business Plan,† â€Å"What are your present moment and long haul staffing prerequisites? What sorts of abilities will be required at each level, presently and later on? † (Coke, 2002). Along a similar line, what kinds of representatives will be required for the positions. On the off chance that my organization is associated with innovation, I would need to employ people with preparing and instruction in the innovation field. Choosing which instruments and hardware will be required for the activity of the business I have picked would be another key choice should have been made. For instance, in the event that I were thinking about opening a café, I would need to investigate the costs, types and sizes of the different business cooking equiptment accessible. One could incorporate the company’s vision and statements of purpose as key choices when firing up an organization. As expressed in Mr. Coke’s own words, â€Å"You must have two stakes in the ground to assemble a story and an ensuing field-tested strategy: vision and mission. One makes enthusiasm and the different gives reason (Coke, 2002, p. 111). There would be diverse monetary choices to be made. For instance, what amount will I require or would i be able to bear the cost of for fire up costs? What are the drawn out capital venture necessities? Recorded as a hard copy the entirety of the budgetary choices down, a decent inquiry to pose would be, â€Å"Do the monetary numbers bode well? † (Coke, 2002, p. 33) Although the things recorded above would simply be a portion of the key choices I would make when thinking about beginning a business, I would incorporate a composed field-tested strategy. In the strategy I would incorporate data like what I have recorded above alongside factual data and information that I would use all through my business commencement and into what's to come.

JFK Inaugural Speech Essay Essay

Devoted at this point confident, John F. Kennedy asks the American residents to go about as a network with the remainder of the world. Anaphora and dynamic words help him in featuring his desires for the quest for network on the planet. Hortative and basic sentences were additionally firmly conveyed in his discourse to legitimize what the residents of America ought to do to cause these would like to turn into a reality. With these gadgets, the quest for a feeling of network among America and the remainder of the world is wanted among the American residents and universal crowd. Guarantee) Kennedy connects with the citizens’ passionate sense through unique words in his astute utilization of anaphora. Proof) â€Å"To those old partners whose social and otherworldly sources we share, we vow the steadfastness of devoted friends.† Kennedy conveys enthusiastically these theoretical words, for example, â€Å"cultural† and â€Å"loyalty† to genuinely stimulate the residents in a positive manner. He proceeds by explaining about and making promises with anaphora to additionally speak to the American citizens’ feelings. â€Å"To those old allies†, â€Å"To those new states†, â€Å"To those individuals in hovels and villages†, â€Å"To our sister republics south of our border†, and â€Å"To that world gathering of sovereign expresses, the United Nations† integrate the world through the vows that follow this anaphora that Kennedy makes for the sake of America. â€Å"Let the two sides explore†, â€Å"Let the two sides, just because, formulate†, â€Å"Let the two sides look to invoke†, and â€Å"Let the two sides unite† was announced by Kennedy not long after to show how â€Å"both sides† should meet up likewise in cadenced, infectious utilization of anaphora. Knowledge) Kennedy had the option to charm the American residents through their enthusiastic feelings through these expository gadgets. Anaphora is applied to put incredible accentuation on these promises and move the discourse to its peak. Theoretical words make a passionate excitement in the residents that should make them follow up on those promises. This gets them to give nearer consideration and feel progressively included. Guarantee 2) Kennedy uncovered his sincere mentality on the matter of having the world met up through his sentence choice of hortative and objective.

The Hunchback of Notre

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Essay In this novel The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (1831), Victor Hugo discusses the life of his characters in the city of Paris. This story happens in the late-fourteenth century. With disparity surrounding it was difficult for an individual to pick up regard without great looks or economic wellbeing. In this paper I will predominantly examine the tale of Quasimodoe Esmeralda, and their battle in this story Quasimodoes mother was a vagabond. She was unable to deal with him any more so she left him before a congregation. Tramps were not preferred as of now, yet the congregation was profoundly regarded. Being it that Quasimodos mother had left him on front strides of the congregation the lord could do basically nothing. Quasimodoe couldn't leave the congregation because of the way that he was distorted and revolting. Quasimodo became desolate and exhausted up in that chime tower all by him self. He was looking down one day and set eyes upon a young lady named Esmerelda. Upon the arrival of imb eciles Quasimodo saw this youngster and chose to go down and investigate this lady. It was an occasion, gala of morons, when he chose to go down. At the point when the individuals saw him they were astonished. He got whipped and addressed by his lord. Indeed, to make a long story short Esmerelda winds up coloring, and Quaismodo flees and is never observed or known about again. They express that at long last they discover two skeletons lying in every others arms. One the body of a woman (Esmerelda), and the other the body of a man who was distorted (Quaismodo). It additionally expresses that the lady was hung, yet the man passed on the grounds that he had come there without anyone else and kicked the bucket there. We will compose a custom paper on The Hunchback of Notre-Dame explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now There are numerous instances of Historical Significance in this book. One of which is the intensity of the congregation. The congregation generally controlled everything in those days. My subsequent model is the way that they talked. They sounded progressively advanced in those days. It states on page 139, Sunday in the time of my ruler 1467. My third truth is the way that they didnt like tramps in those days. They needed to murder the entirety of the gypyses. It states at long last that they wind up murdering Esmerelda. My fourth actuality is the way that they dressed. My fifth reality is that it states on page 65 that America had not yet been found. My 6th truth is the food that they had in those days. It states on pages 98-99 the following moment, there was on the table a portion of rye bread, a cut of bacon, some wrinkled apples, and a container of lager. My seventh reality is the occupations that the individuals had. The mail characters had employments like writers, chime ringer s, popes, rulers, etc as it records the lords hirelings on page 45. My eighth articulation is the way that when the individuals saw Quasimodo the ladies needed to knock some people's socks off. The transportation was for the most part ponies in those days. The print machine was a major dread in those days as it states on page 174, it was the dread of a minister before another power, the print machine. My ninth truth is the engineering had in those days with all the houses of God and what not.(fifth section on page 10) My tenth explanation is the way that social imbalance was a major factor in those days. My eleventh and last truth is that the entirety of this happens during the rebuilding and sentimentalism and transformation period (1815-1850) as it states in our reality history book. .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 , .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .postImageUrl , .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 , .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:hover , .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:visited , .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:active { border:0!important; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:active , .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rela tive; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content design: underline; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f90 72756566514 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u99f9615aedb613e1b9f9072756566514:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: African American Slavery EssayThis book was a generally excellent book. It just had a couple of issues. The creator used to much detail and that made the story exhausting. He would likewise stray and begin portraying something different all the more clearly. Victor Hugo ought to have kept just on the tale of Esmerelda and Quasimodo. The finish of the story was the best part. In all the book was an alright book. This book was a decent novel all things considered. It was an activity and sentiment story that principally comprised of two individuals, Quasimodo and Esmerelda. It helped me to remember the short story Beauty and the Beast.

How to Write an Executive Summary For Research Paper

How to Write an Executive Summary For Research PaperHow to write an executive summary for a research paper is one of the important things that an aspiring scholar must know in order to write an effective and well-crafted document. In this article, I am going to give you some tips on how to write a great executive summary for your research paper. You must have basic knowledge about the academic writing techniques in order to understand how to write an executive summary.A successful thesis has the potential to attract the attention of many readers. Moreover, this is one of the important factors which attracts and helps a student to secure a successful research scholarship. It is very important for a student to understand that this job is not just a part-time job.The main objective of doing research is to produce a clear report with good quality, clearly documented materials and also deliver it in a way that will help the readers understand the main objective of the project. This is a v ery important thing that has to be carefully done by a student. If you have the ability to read the paper then you can easily understand what your audience is looking for.How to write an executive summary for a research paper is all about understanding the needs of your audience. By knowing what your audience expects, you can fulfill them. This is one of the factors which makes it possible for students to write a well-constructed document. In order to learn how to write an executive summary for a research paper, you can follow the below mentioned steps.First of all, you should divide your paper into two parts - a more detailed and a brief paragraph on the background of the topic. Then, you have to divide it into two parts - more detailed and a more brief paragraph on the background of the topic. The more detailed part should contain more information. If you fail to do this then you are liable to end up having an almost impossible task to do.Secondly, you should highlight important p oints using broad terms. You can use two of the most common words that students use when writing - P - Path and P - Paths. You can easily write an executive summary for a research paper using these words. But if you fail to do so, then you will be charged with more task because these words can be read differently.Thirdly, you should divide the document into two parts - more detailed and a brief paragraph on the background of the topic. In order to accomplish this you have to have knowledge about writing English.Lastly, you should summarize data using grammatical conventions and proper sentence structures. You can easily know how to write an executive summary for a research paper when you take note of the above techniques.

Topics on Persuasive Essay on Obesity

Topics on Persuasive Essay on ObesityHave you ever written on your topic on obesity, but the subject matter seemed dry and boring? Well, it is of utmost importance that you not only think about the topics on persuasion essay on obesity. If you want to learn how to write an essay on persuasive essay on obesity, you should read this article.The first thing you should remember when writing on your topic on persuasion is to think about your subject matter. It is very easy to write essays on topics on persuasion if you are familiar with the subject. But, it is also important that you consider your audience as well as the reason they will be reading your essay.You should also consider what it means to have an essay on obesity. There are many different people who are going to read your essay on the topic on obesity. Consider these two groups as well.The first group is comprised of doctors and other medical professionals. They are going to read your essay on the topic on obesity because they need to know the best methods of losing weight. They may also be looking for strategies to help them provide people with ways to lose weight. Doctors who write on essays on topics on persuasion are also motivated by a medical agenda and they need to ensure that they provide people with honest information.The second group of people, you should write on the topic on obesity is students. Students write essays on topics on persuasion because they are concerned with current trends and how the society works. Many people use the topics on persuasion to find new ways to deal with challenges that face the world today. Students who write on essays on topics on persuasion do so to get more knowledge and to find ways to change the ways of society in the future.The topic on obesity should also include a persuasive essay essay on obesity. In your persuasive essay on obesity, you should not only discuss the facts, but you should also get your readers to think about the things that they think will happen in the future. Make sure that you cover your audience's best interests.Before you begin writing, you should consider what you will write about. Are you going to discuss the issue of obesity in the past or are you going to discuss the issue of obesity in the present? You should also consider the topics on persuasion and how to write an essay on topics on persuasion.You should write about topics on persuasion and the persuasive essay on topics on essay on obesity. Remember that you should not only talk about the facts; you should also get your readers to think about what they should do next.

Open Versus Closed Innovation - Free Essay Example

A Critical Look at the Effects of Open Versus Closed Innovation In the Innovative Firms of the Twenty-first Century June 17, 2010 Abstract In today’s fast paced business world, which innovation method should companies adopt, open or closed innovation? In this paper we will explore the methods of closed and open innovation. Then we will explore the pros and cons of both innovation methods and discuss which method works better in the business world of the twenty-first century. After reviewing the results this paper explores the particle implications that innovative firms should be aware of regarding Open and Closed innovation and recommendations will be made for future research in this area. Introduction Background Looking back even a few decades companies viewed innovation strategies very differently then they do today. It was believed that successful innovation needed internal control and secrecy from others in the market. Large corporations used to dominate the field of innovation because they were the only ones who could afford to invest it large scale RD. Any company that tried to enter the market would have to find large amounts of resources to be able to even attempt to compete with the RD of the large corporations (Chesbrough, 2003; Herzog , 2008; Aylen, 2010; Kodama, 2005; Trott Hartmann, 2009). In the current economy start-up companies have found ways to bypass the large RD investments of the past. Instead of doing their own research these new entrance are getting their knowledge and technology from outside their company by either investing in relevant startup companies, or partnering with other companies up, down or horizontally on the value chain (Chesbrough, 2003). With the expanding options on how to obtain innovative ideas, processes, and products the big question remains should companies used a closed or open approach to innovation? And does the open and closed methods work for all companies? (Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, 2010) In this paper we take a critical look at what closed and open innovation is, what the pros and cons are to both options, and try to determine if one method is better then the other in this current economy. Closed Innovation The main theory behind Closed Innovation is the belief that â€Å"successful innovation requires control† (Chesbrough, 2003). Companies that follow the Closed Innovation (CI) model (see Figure 1) believe in self-reliance and that they should follow these rules to succeed: †¢ â€Å"A firm should hire the best and smartest people Profiting from innovative efforts requires a firm to discover, develop, and market everything itself †¢ Being first to market requires that research discoveries originate within the firm †¢ Being first to market also ensures that the firm will win the competition †¢ Leading the industry in RD investments results in coming up with the best and most ideas and eventually in winning the competition †¢ Restrictiv e IP management must prevent other firms from profiting from the firm’s ideas and technologies† (Herzog, 2008) CI companies attempt to do everything on their own from innovative ideas, development, manufacturing, advertising, promotion, distribution, service and even financing. If the innovative ideas or projects are not pursued or are discarded part way they are stored internally and will not be profitable to the company or useful to the rest of the world unless they are used internally at a later date. This creates a great loss of many potentially reat innovative ideas, products, services, and processes. If a company chooses CI it can be expect that many innovations will be lost as companies do not have the ability or resources to turn every idea or technology into a successful innovation the market can use. The main reason a company would choose CI would be because they are scared of having their intellectual investments stolen by their competitors (Herzog , 2008; Chesbrough, 2003). [pic] Open Innovation Companies have reached the understanding that not all innovations have to originate internally and that if they do have an internal innovation and do not have the ability to act upon it they can still profit from it by partnering, joint ventures, licensing or selling the innovation to another company. In Open Innovation (OI) companies must find a balance between keeping important internal secrets and still working with other companies to gain and produce valuable ideas, processes, resources, finances and support (Herzog , 2008). Companies that follow the OI model (see Figure 2) believe in the following principals: â€Å"Not all of the smart people work for us, so we must find and tap into the knowledge and expertise of bright individuals outside our company †¢ External RD can create significant value; internal RD is needed to claim some portion of that value †¢ We don’t have to originate the research in order to profit from it †¢ Building a better business mode l is better than getting to market first †¢ If we make the best use of internal and external ideas, we will win †¢ We should profit from others’ use of our intellectual property, and we should buy others intellectual property whenever it advances our own business model† (Chesbrough, 2003) OI encourages the joining of resources from firms across all aspects of the value chain. Companies now realize that innovations they can’t use or can be used further by other companies can lead to additional profits that they could have never obtained on their own (Almirall, Casadesus-Masanell, 2010). Kodama, (2005) expands OI even further to talk about creating strategic communities (See Appendix 1), a convenient process of speeding up a firms innovation. To be able to quickly acquire a variety of knowledge of great use, managers from different areas, from inside and outside the firm, can make a strategic community with internal and external members, which could involve customers. A huge benefit is that strategic communities are not bound by the same limitations as the official organization. Now that we have explored what CI and OI is we will now go on to look at why one of the methods might be better then the other for companies competing in the twenty-first century and why companies decide to choose one either CI or OI. Open versus Closed Innovation OI involves risk such as knowledge and sensitive information leakage and the risks must be weighed against the benefits that would be gained from participating in OI. One more trouble with OI is that well some areas open up to help the flow of knowledge it has been found that to keep sensitive information secure there has actually been a reduction in the amount of information being share between internal departments which could effect the companies internal innovation (Trott Hartmann, 2009). It has been found that OI is especially needed in fields such as knowledge-intensive industries where competition is strong and companies need to work together to be able to gain a competitive advantage in the field (Trott Hartmann, 2009). Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, (2010) study showed that OI works better then CI for partnerships that are fixed and have low to medium complexity levels but they also found that when there is high complexity involved that CI is the best method to follow. Another discovery was that the benefits can be greater in flexible partnerships over fixed partnerships. â€Å"The model of flexible partnerships ffectively says, If you c an’t figure out how to put the pieces together internally (configure two subsystems optimally), it is critical to have lots of different pieces (complementary subsystems) to choose from and know how to put them together externally. † (Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, 2010) Chesbrough and Crowther (2006; as sited in Aylen, 2010) said that OI is a useful concept for innovation â€Å"beyond high technology and is appropriate for traditional and mature industries†. A big contrast between OI and CI is how they go through their idea lists. CI managers go through and proceed with the ideas they see as beneficial to their company and discard what they see as bad ideas or ideas they know their firm does not have the resources to accomplish. Whereas a OI manager would go through their idea list and sort them into three categories, innovations their company can pursue internally, ideas they can approach other companies about, and ideas that will not work at all. Therefore the OI model gets to profit from the ideas that the CI model would have otherwise discarded or stored for a later date (Chesbrough, 2003). Even though OI has been adapted by many organizations as the best way to be successfully innovative the theory is not perfect. Trott Hartmann, (2009) point out that OI is very linear and does not suggest any â€Å"feedback or feed-forward mechanisms† unlike the newer innovation models such as the â€Å"Cyclic Innovation Model† (Berkhout, AJ, Patrick van der Duin, Dap Hartmann Roland Ortt, (2007), cited in Trott Hartmann, 2009). This newer model suggest feedback and feed-forward techniques and also that the innovation process is cyclic, meaning new innovations grow from older innovations. CI has been very successful for some companies such as Apple they swept the market with the iPod and this strategy and product put them back into the playing field after have been struggling for years to catch up with the innovations of other major players. Another example of CI is the Wii by Nintendo which was extremely innovative with their new product features (Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, 2010). Some very large companies have tried CI techniques and had some devastating effects as a result, such as IBM and Xerox but both these examples were able to overcome these problems with the help of OI techniques. Procter and Gamble and Philips have successfully adapted OI and have gone so far as to hold conferences on the topic and even published their own reports on the subject. Trott Hartmann, (2009) provide a list of companies and the reasons they choose to become part of a strategic alliance (See Appendix 2). It has been noted by Chesbrough, (2003) that near the end of the 20th century a number of things happened that caused CI to be taken into question by many firms. Firstly, knowledge workers were starting to move easily from company to company as well leaving to start their own firms and this put the original firms innovation secrets in jeopardy and companies realized that if they wanted to profit from their work they had to find ways outside their company to do so and in a timely fashion. Private venture capital companies also had major growth in this period and they were benefiting in large scales from the spill over knowledge of the large corporations that were just trying to store their unused innovative knowledge. So the question still remains what is the best technique for companies to adopt? Form all the literature reviewed it seems that a fully CI company does not exist any more but instead there are different levels that companies can be at between CI and OI (Teresko, 2004). It seems companies must look at their goals and the different ways they can achieve them and then evaluate the pros and cons of the two methods and then decide whether or not they should choose CI, OI and some combination of both (Trott Hartmann, 2009). Practical Implications The following are benefits that Vanhaverbeke, Van de Vrande, Chesbrough, (2008) suggest can come from participating in OI although they stress that companies have to work at obtaining them by acquiring new techniques and skills and learning how to work with other companies so that both parties fairly benefit from the OI method. i) â€Å"Benefits from early involvement in new technologies or business opportunities ii) Delayed financial commitment iii) Early exits reducing the downward losses iv) Delayed exit in case it spins off a venture† If management decides to follow an OI strategy they must realize there are costs to this choice. Firstly, companies lose some measure of control whereas in CI they would have full control. Secondly, profits and credit must be shared but it also must be remembered that with CI losses would have to be fully covered by the sole firm involved (Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, 2010). OI gets rid of many barriers that used to block innovation such as technology limitations, corporate limitations, and geography boundaries. OI allows companies access to innovation that would have otherwise been impossible for them to reach because of the time it would take and the money it would cost to produce. What many people forget is it is not just new products that are the main benefits of OI but a huge benefit is the enhancement to the companies production processes due to knowledge obtained through OI (Teresko, 2004). Many new products only exist today because of OI, as today’s products span many different industries that would have otherwise never connected (Kodama, 2005). Kodama, (2005) covers some important implication for managers to be aware of when using OI in strategic communities (see figure 3). Management will not only have to be able to deal with issues internally but they will now have to have the skills to deal with other companies both locally and internationally. They must have skills to negotiate and understand the implications of partnerships even in industries they may not be familiar with. Future Research It was suggested by Trott Hartmann, (2009) that there tends to be less information sharing between internal departments when participating in OI, o help keep sensitive information from leaking, further research should be done to find out how much this effects the internal innovation of a company and if the internal secrecy is worth while in light of what is being obtaine d from OI practices. Future research is also need on when OI is not good for companies and in which instances would it cause more damage then good (Vanhaverbeke, Van de Vrande, Chesbrough, 2008). Chiaroni, Chiesa, Frattini, (2010) have recommended a study into whether or not OI is as effective in government run businesses as privately run businesses. Other scholars are invited to research further on the management styles that best work with obtaining the full benefits from OI innovation. It would be helpful for companies to know what type of manager they should put in charge of coordinating OI efforts so benefits are not lost. Research would also be recommended in the area of how OI and CI can work in the same firm and how this would effect the internal culture of the company. This could help managers understand what they will be facing if they implement a combination OI and CI strategy (Broring Herzog, 2008). We have reviewed what CI and OI is, the practical implications and the future research opportunities we will now wrap up the critical review with an overview about whether CI or OI is better for the company of the twenty-first centery. Conclusion Many companies follow OI because it helps with the risk of financial loss as well as creating great opportunities to absorb new knowledge, ideas, skills, techniques, and processes (Vanhaverbeke, Van de Vrande, Chesbrough, 2008). One of the greatest reasons OI seems to work is that different companies have the ability to look at problems and innovative ideas from completely different ways, this creates new innovations that would have otherwise never existed if OI practices had not been in place. This allows companies to profit from innovations that they would have otherwise never pursued either because of resources, knowledge, skill or industry type (Almirall Casadesus-Masanell, 2010). Teresko, (2004) cleared up any confusion about OI very well by saying â€Å" Open innovation does not mean outsourcing RD, nor does it mean closing down internal RD. It is a strategy of finding and bringing in new ideas that are complementary to existing RD projects†. It was stated by Trott Hartmann, (2009) that even companies labelled CI often have some aspects of OI to them and that in this day and age except for a few niche and extremely specialized fields most follow at least to some degree a belief in OI. Companies must remember that they will not succeed if they get comfortable and just remain satisfied with there current products, processes, and customers, the business world is in constant change and companies must keep up or they will soon lose their market share to a company that is more innovative (Broring Herzog, 2008). Broring Herzog, (2008) further go on to mention that firms need to be â€Å"ambidextrous† they need to be able to figure out which areas should be CI and which should be OI. Many innovations these days are so complex and have so many aspects that there is no other way to make them then by using an interdisciplinary approach. So to attempt to answer the question what is the best innovative model for the innovative company of the twenty-first century? Well, most of the research reviewed for this paper seems in common agreement that a fully CI company no longer exists and that most companies do best somewhere in-between the reams of CI and OI and the type of industry their in will help them decide which end of the spectrum they are at. It seems companies must look at their objectives and the variety of ways they can achieve them and then evaluate the pros and cons of the two methods and from there decide whether or not they should choose CI, OI and some combination of both (Trott Hartmann, 2009). Appendix 1 Strategic Communities (Kodama, 2005) Appendix 2 Compilation of reasons for entering a strategic alliance. (Trott Hartmann, 2009) References ALMIRALL , ESTEVE, CASADESUS-MASANELL, RAMON. (2010). Open versus closed innovation: a model of discovery and divergence. Academy of Management Review,  35(1), Retrieved from https://web. ebscohost. com. proxy. ufv. ca:2048/ehost/detail? id=5hid=11sid=af6c67d1-ada3-422e-9c05-8e629026d49b%40sessionmgr13bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=buhAN=45577790 Aylen, J. (2010). Open versus closed innovation: development of the wide strip mill for steel in the united states during the 1920s. RD Management,  40(1), Retrieved from https://www3. interscience. wiley. com. proxy. ufv. ca:2048/search/allsearch? mode=quicksearchproducts=journalWISsearch2=1467-9310WISindexid2=issncontentTitle=R%26amp;D+ManagementcontextLink=blahcontentOID=118510592WISsearch1=open+versus+closed+innovationWISindexid1=WISallarticleGo. x=14articleGo. y=14 Berkhout, AJ, Patrick van der Duin, Dap Hartmann Roland Ortt, (2007), The Cyclic Nature of Innovation: Connecting Hard Sciences with Soft Values. Advances in the Study of Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth, Vol. 17, Elsevier, Amsterdam. Broring, S. Herzog, P. (2008). Organising new business development: open innovation at Deguss. European Journal of Innovation Management, 11(3), Retrieved from https://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. do;jsessionid=4A4348BE11DE94C824D6C71C26907070? contentType=ArticlecontentId=1736787 Chesbrough, H. (2003). The Era of open innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review,  44(3), Retrieved from https://proxy. ufv. ca:2048/login? url=https://search. ebscohost. com. proxy. ufv. ca:2048/login. aspx? direct=truedb=buhAN=9547972site=ehost-live Chiaroni, D, Chiesa, V, Frattini, F. (2010). Unravelling the process from closed to open innovation: evidence from mature, asset-intensive industries. RD Management,  40(3), Retrieved from https://proxy. ufv. ca:2048/login? url=https://search. ebscohost. com. proxy. ufv. ca:2048/login. aspx? direct=truedb=buhAN=50315551site=ehost-live Herzog , Philipp . (2008). Open and closed innovation . Retrieved from https://books. google. ca/books? id=JgD4Kn8k2BcCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_ge_summary_rcad=0#v=onepageqf=false Kodama, M. (2005). How Two japanese high-tech companies achieved rapid innovation via strategic community networks. Strategy Leadership,  33(6), Retrieved from https://www. emeraldinsight. com/Insight/viewContentItem. o;jsessionid=4A4348BE11DE94C824D6C71C26907070? contentType=ArticlecontentId=1524443 Teresko, J. (2004). Open innovation?. Industry Week/IW,253(6), Retrieved from https://proxy. ufv. ca:2048/login? url=https://search. ebscohost. com. proxy. ufv. ca:2048/login. aspx? direct=truedb=buhAN=13637415site =ehost-live TROTT, P, HARTMANN, D. (2009). Why ‘open innovation’ is old wine in new bottles. International Journal of Innovation Management,  13(4), Retrieved from https://www. swetswise. com. proxy. ufv. ca:2048/FullTextProxy/swproxy? url=https://www. worldscinet. com/150/13/preserved-docs/1304/S1363919609002509. pdfts=1275843853701cs=1612915441userName=8900000. ipdirectemCondId=890000

The 5 Best Devotionals for Teen Girls in 2019

A Study On Engineering And The University Of Liverpool

The purpose of this study is to learn more about engineering and especially mechanical engineering. This text is divided into three parts, part A describes my degree choice, why I chose it and what I am hoping to be in the future. Part B will be a comparison between LJMU and the University of Liverpool, also it will provide an information of a lecturer in LJMU. Part C will compare and contrast between two types of internal combustion engines. Part A Engineering is a very important specialization and it can be founded in every organization, I am interested in studying engineering especially mechanical engineering which is the subject of understanding the principle of engineering such as forces and how do they effect on substances, the functionality of systems and how they work, manufacturing of tools, devices, machines and their parts with different sizes, shapes and different functions, and operation of mechanical systems. There are several career options for mechanical engineers like an automotive engineer, Design Engineer, Control and instrumentation engineer, Maintenance engineer, Mechanical engineer. My career choice is to be an automotive engineer who is involved in making whole vehicle design, manufacturing and operating. I chose to be an automotive engineer because basically I like everything that is related to cars, prepare them to build them from scratch and I love cars in general. I chose mechanical engineering because, firstly I followed my father’s advice, heShow MoreRelatedA Study On Engineering And Mechanical Engineering1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this study is to learn more about engineering and especially mechanical engineering because it is going to be my degree. This text is divided into three parts, part A describes my degree choice, why I chose it and what I am hoping to be in the future. 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Similarities Of Imperialism In Heart Of Darkness And...

SIMILARITIES Imperialism is the main similarity present in all 3 stories. In the Heart of Darkness European Imperialism and its’ cruelty is displayed, while in Apocalypse Now we see American Imperialism fighting the Vietnam War. Hearts of darkness also has some imperialism, but it is hidden in metaphors, showing ‘’imperialism’’ of human soul. Next, main protagonist is sent to explore ‘’the darkness’’, in Heart of Darkness it is Marlow, in Apocalypse now it is Willard and in the Hearts of Darkness it is director and Frencis Coppela’s wife, Elanor. Next, Kurtz is potrayed as a God figure in all 3 of stories. In the Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse now he is a genius, getting people to worship him, and administration in both cases thinks†¦show more content†¦Next difference is the time when story is happening. TIme in Heart of Darkness is 19th century and time of Imperialism, particullary, Dutch imperialism by Leopold II. Apocalypse now’s story is happening during Vietnam war in 1960’s. Because of this, changes are needed, for example bows are replaced by guns, steam boats by regular boats, Russian trader is replaced by American Journalist etc. Next, Willard is displayed as insane in the beginning of the movie, damaged by the war, while Marlow is completely sane at the beginning of Heart of Darkness, hired by his aunt to go to Congo. Furthermore, in novella, protagonist Marlow is sent to look what Kurtz is doing, but in the Apocalypse now he is sent to kill Kurtz and he manages to do that near the end of the movie. In the novella Kurtz dies of natural cause while on the boat. Kurtzian figure of Hearts of Darkness, Francis Coppela didn’t die, but there are also frames where he is pointing gun to his head suggesting that he had suicidal thoughts regarding the movie making. There are various reasons why he wanted to end his life, Marlon Brando didn’t read the script and he was fat, opposite to novella’s Kurtz who was sick and skinny, next, main actor who plays WIllard got heart attack, movie budget went over so he needed to finance it himself etc. MEANING All 3 stories display darkness of heartsShow MoreRelatedSimilarities Between Heart Of Darkness And Apocalypse Now922 Words   |  4 Pages The Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, illustrates one’s voyage on the Congo River, into the heart of darkness of Africa, told by the narrator Charles Marlow. Similar to the novel, Apocalypse Now focuses on a captain in the Vietnam War ordered to assassinate a colonel, named Kurtz. Each of these works convey an important time in American history, highlighting the era of imperialism and that of the Vietnam War. Overall, Apocalypse Now can be seen as a direct parallel to Heart of Darkness, shownRead MoreComparative Essay1096 Words   |  5 Pagesanalysis: â€Å"Heart of Darkness† â€Å"Apocalypse Now† Student: Mora Vandenbroele Teacher: Azucena Estigarribia Year: 11th â€Å"A† â€Å"Heart of Darkness† vs. â€Å"Apocalypse Now† It is very interesting how humans are so intrigued about the evilness in the world, and the dedication of some men to compare Hell with the Earthly horror. Joseph Conrad, a genius writer, took his time to show this with his masterpiece â€Å"Heart of Darkness† that wasRead MoreParallels Between Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now1871 Words   |  8 PagesVarious parallels can be drawn when comparing and contrasting Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Frank Coppolas Apocalypse Now, while taking into consideration Heart of Darkness is a novella and Apocalypse Now is a film. These differences and similarities can be seen in themes, characters, events and other small snippets of information including anything from quoted lines to strange actions of the main characters. Both pieces follow the same story line but they are presented in differentRead MoreIn Search of the Unknown: Apocalypse Now1584 Words   |  6 PagesIn Search of the Unknown Apocalypse Now is a film based on the story Heart of Darkness, written by Joseph Conrad. By analyzing the book, the readers do not just understand the theme and plot of the story, but also makes readers look back in the 19th century Colonialism and see how the world worked under Imperialism. The movie, Apocalypse Now also correlates with the book, but this time the setting does not take place in the 19th century, but in the 20th century when United States was at war withRead MoreEssay on heart of darkness1844 Words   |  8 Pages Various parallels can be drawn when comparing and contrasting Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and Frank Coppolas quot;Apocalypse Nowquot;, while taking into consideration Heart of Darkness is a novella and quot;Apocalypse Nowquot; is a film. These differences and similarities can be seen in themes, characters, events and other small snippets of information including anything from quoted lines to strange actions of the main characters. Both pieces follow the same story line but they are presentedRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness1035 Words   |  5 Pages The Novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad is about an Ivory agent, Marlow, who is also the narrator of his journey up the Congo River into the heart of Africa. Marlow witnesses many new things during his journey to find Mr. Kurtz. In Apocalypse Now, the narrator is Captain Willard, who is also on a journey to find Kurtz. The Kurtz in the movie however is an American colonel who broke away from the American army and decided to hide away in Cambodia, upon seeing the reality of the Vietnam WarRead MoreFrancis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now: a Translation of Heart of Darkness2241 Words   |  9 PagesFrancis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now is the 1979 epic Vietnam War film based on the novel Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad. However the word ‘based’ as to be called into question as the two differ quite dramatically. The periods in which the two storie s are about are completely different, within 70 years of each other, as is the setting and the circumstances. However, through the ideas of savagery and madness character, plot, and the themes which both pieces seem to convey the two stories areRead MoreHeart Of Darkness By Joseph Conrad And The Film Apocalypse Now2143 Words   |  9 Pagesand altogether brutal is what describes â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad and the film adaption Apocalypse Now by Francis Ford Coppola. A short novella published in 1899, â€Å"Heart of Darkness† centers on the journey taken by the narrator Marlow up the Congo River with a Belgian trading company. Upriver he encounters the mysterious ivory trader, Kurtz and is brought face to face with corruption and despair. Set in the Vietnam War, the film Apocalypse Now follows the central character, U.S. Army specialRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Ma de on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pageslived, how they earned their livings, and their unprecedented ability to move about the globe. Moya and McKeown set the patterns of migration in the twentieth century against those extending back millennia, and they compare in imaginative ways the similarities and differences among diverse flows in different geographical areas and across ethnic communities and social strata. They consider not only the nature, volume, and direction of migrant movements motivated primarily by opportunities for economic

Persuasive Essay About Helicopter Parenting - 1151 Words

My parents gave me a choice, I could be free to experience and explore the internet, or I would be monitored and protected from everything I saw. As in my parents see what I see, and I see what they want me to see. Instinctively I took this as an insult, did they not trust me, was my mother trying to smother me? Truthfully, they were just trying to look out for me and try helicopter parenting, opposing from their usually lenient style of parenting. As we had a discussion on my presence on the internet, I began to be creeped out about the idea my parents were spying on me, so I told them they had nothing to worry about and that I would still be open to the idea of monitoring. After my talk with my parents, I wondered did other teens have†¦show more content†¦It certainly isn t required for good child learning. And to the extent that we do manage to solve all of our children’s problems–or keep those problems from ever even popping up–we are doing rhwem a disservice. Not a fatal one that will stunt our children forever. But still, we are steering them away from the real source of confidence and independence, which comes comes from navigating the world and its surprises. Especially the unpleasant ones (Skenazy 92).† For this reason many parents should advocate raising self-reliant and responsible kids that learn from their mistakes and grow from them. Mistakes are wrong, but good for developing mindsets. In order to learn we must reflect on our mistakes which means always moving forward to bigger and better things, with this mindset we are driven to achieve. In this case, when parents let kids have more online privileges they are destined to fail one way or another which prepares them for the real world. This mentality lets kids have room for improvement when it comes to their online presence, they catch themselves doing the wrong thing and make a habit of doing the right thing. In her article, â€Å"Trapped by Helicopter Parents†, Danah Boyd maintains that: â€Å"Rather than helping teens develop strategies for negotiating public life and the potential risks of interacting with others, fearful parents have focused on tracking, monitoring and blocking. These tactics don’t help teens develop the skills they need to manageShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 Pagesthe references and permissions, plus lots more, working across countries, authors, and problems with remarkable skill. At one point, she wrote in an e-mail, I think it s pretty awesome that I am communicating with a Franco-Anglo-Canadian in India about a book being published in the U.S. and Europe Ahhh, modern life. Particularly wise and helpful were comments on the manuscript provided by Joelle Meiic. Thanks also go to the doctoral students of Henry s colloquium in Montreal, who made a numberRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEnvi ronment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost

Netflix case free essay sample

I believe the competitive forces in the movie rental market place are very competitive and tough to stay in business. There are so many competitors that have and continue to take market share of the industry without any sign of it to be regained. This happens because of pricing and the medium in which that can be rented, sold or watched. These alternatives to rental are purchasing movie through retailers, renting through vending machine kiosks, Netflix ( movie delivered or streamed), cable subscription movie channels, pay-per-view and video on demand (VOD), internet movie and TV content providers (ITunes, Hulu.  com, etc), and pirated files or films. These forces have all played a strong role in phasing out the classic traditional going into a video rental store and renting movies. I also think as time goes on those that will not assimilate to the new technology will not be a small market share, which will be obsolete. In addition to excellent financial growth, Netflix has also experienced rapid subscriber growth with total number of subscribers increasing each year since 1999. Industry trends and Netflix’s excellent strategy to keep customers returning to use their site and also bringing new customers to the site has allowed Netflix to remain the industry leader they are today. However, rival companies such as Amazon have begun to enter the industry with large video rental libraries of their own. Netflix’s Strategy: Since the introduction of Netflix’s online movie rental service in 1999, the company’s CEO and founder, Reed Hastings, mission has been to create the world’s best online movie provider and increase subscribers and earnings per share each year. He plans to do this by imposing a subscription-based business model and the use of a multi-pronged strategy to build a growing subscriber base. This business model allows for customers to choose from eight different subscription plans that ranged from $8. 99 per month to $47. 99 per month. Movie rentals are sent to subscribers from one of Netflix’s 50 distribution centers in the United State. Approximately 98 percent of subscribers live within one day delivery of the distribution centers which provided customers with close to instant access to all of Netflix’s movies. Also, Netflix provides no shipping or late fees which allows customer to have more flexibility when renting movies. As the industry has evolved, Netflix has been able to remain the industry leader because of their large streaming library that is provided to all subscribers. The industry has seen a change from physical movie rentals to a greater increase in online streaming of movies with creation of new technology that allows many different devices to stream movies online. Netflix has done an excellent job of keeping up with this growing trend by allowing customers to install Netflix on many of these devices such as iPads, Blue-ray players, and gaming consoles. Also Netflix has kept up with this new industry trend by doing an excellent job of new content acquisitions which allows them to expand their video library and gain the rights to new releases faster. Netflix’s easy to use website and video library has also allowed the company to remain the industry leader and continue its strategy to increase subscriber base. Its website and video library contains approximately 100,000 movie titles. The video library is organized in a way that makes it very easy for subscribers to navigate through and even does a number of things to help customers find the best movie for them such as movie recommendations based on past movies watched, subscriber ratings, and most viewed movies on the site by other subscribers. Netflix has done an outstanding job of communicating its strategy to customers and employees. The company uses multiple marketing and advertising channels to reach its subscriber base. Marketing strategies such as one-month free trials has done an excellent job of allowing the company to continue to increase its customer base. In addition to communicating effectively with customers, the company has done a great job of communicating with its employees by having a set business strategy and business model with a concrete mission and set of goals and a concrete model on how to reach those goals. The company’s great understanding on how to communicate to external and internal stakeholders has led them to remain as the industry leader.

Engston Auto Mirrors Plant free essay sample

Employees were satisfied with their Jobs and motivated to be productive. Over time, changes needed to be made to adjust the Scanlon plan because employees became less satisfied and enthusiastic. Employees no longer trusted the management and committees; they believed the management team may be changing the ratios and numbers that affected their monthly bonuses. Also, employees began to think the plan was unfair. Bent was not surprised by the reactions of his employees, he knew the plan needed to be revised every so often. In 2005, before he could decide how to revise the plan, the industry downturn gradually decreased the companys sales figures and the employee morale. The employees werent receiving monthly bonuses due to low productivity and Bent had to start looking into the idea of a layoff. He warned the employees of a layoff occurring if sales fgures didnt improve, but the employees didnt listen. Finally a layoff did occur and it was like an emotional lightning rod for the plant and a dividing line between the good and bad times. By 2007, there was increasing evidence of dissatisfied employees and suspected pilfering. Employees had lost their motivation to work productively. So what caused such a decrease in employee motivation at the Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant? The Scanlon Plan was adopted to improve motivation which would also improve other workforce factors. Although, the plan only seemed to work during good times; as soon as things began to go wrong and head for the bad, the Scanlon Plan alone could no longer motivate the employees. One reason for why it wasnt able to motivate employees during the bad times because of its variable-pay program. According to Robbins and Judge, authors of Organizational Behavior, a ariable-pay program is a pay plan that bases a portion of an employees pay on some individual and/or organizational measure of performance (p. 229). Engstrom developed a bonus pay, but managers were able to adjust the value for returns and increases or decreases in inventory which would change the size of the employee bonuses. In Organizational Behavior, it is explained that bonuses are part of the the calculation for the bonuses to be altered by management, employees lost trust in their management instead of seeing the industry downturn due to profitability trends as the reason for bonuses being low or non-existing. The lost of trust in management led to less motivated employees. Bent did not adopt the idea of a variable-pay program usefully. Also, employee motivation didnt occur in both good times and bad because the Job design didnt match the Job Characteristics Model OCM). Robbins and Judge describe the JCM as a model that proposes that any Job can be described in terms of five core Job dimensions: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback (p. 215). If a Job has the one of the first three characteristics†skill variety, task identity, and task significance†and both autonomy nd feedback, motivation will occur. Because motivation hasnt occurred constantly for Engstrom, they must be missing part of the JCM. The causes for the motivation problem at Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant needs to be fixed or diminished. Ron Bent needs to find a way to once again get his employees motivated. He could revise the Scanlon Plan to work during the bad times, like during a downturn, or Bent could change organizational factors that might be undermining the plan or he could Just get rid of the Scanlon Plan all together and find a new way of motivating employees whether it being an incentive plan or not. When the plan no longer was enough to motivate the employees, Bent knew the plan needed to be revised. He had said, A Scanlon program wont perpetuate itself. You have to give it a shot in the arm every so often†whenever the work force needs it (Beer and Collins, p. 6). To revise the plan, Bent needed to listen to the employees complaints. Part of the Scanlon plan was to listen to suggestions of the employees, so the complaints should have been just as important to listen to and evaluate. The employee complaints were about the distrust of bonus calculations and questions of fairness. Bent and his management eam should have seen the complaints as a suggestion for improving the bonus plan. Another alternative would be to change the organizational factors of the company. Bent could do this by using the Job Characteristics Model. Due to the Scanlon Plan, the company had already met the fifth characteristic of feedback, but Bent could also look at ways to improve the autonomy, task significance, task identity, and skill variety of his company. By improving those characteristics, it could help the Scanlon Plan to further motivate employees. Lastly, Bent could decide to ultimately get rid of the Scanlon Plan at his Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant. Bent could motivate his employees by solely using the Job Characteristics Model. The Scanlon Plan caused his employees to distrust the management, so the best idea would be to no longer use the plan. Having distrust in management wouldnt help to motivate employees at all. Bent should redesign the Jobs at his plant to better meet the JCM, which in theory would motivate his employees. There are five characteristics of the Job Characteristics Model that Bent would need to try to meet. First off, he would need to look into offering his employees skill variety, task identity, and/or task significance. If Bent could meet at least one of those characteristics, it would be very beneficial to his plant. Skill variety would consist of the employees Jobs including a variety of different tasks, so that they could use different skills and talents they may have. Task identity would require the employees Jobs to consist of completing a whole and have a significant impact on the lives or even work of other people. By at least offering employees Jobs that meet one of those characteristics, Bent would be also offering meaningful work. Also, Bent would need to offer his employees Jobs that consisted of Autonomy. Autonomy would give the employees freedom, independence, and discretion to scheduling and carrying out their work. By giving employees this freedom, Bent would be offering his employees personal responsibility. Lastly, Bent also would need to offer feedback to his employees. Feedback should be done by giving employees information about the effectiveness of their performance. By meeting the criteria of the Job Characteristic Model, Bent would not only see greater employee motivation, but also greater performance and satisfaction, and lower absenteeism and turnover. Once, Bent had figured out ow he was going to meet the criteria of the Job Characteristic Model, he could take it further by redesigning his employees Jobs. Organizational Behavior gives threes ways this can be done. First of all, Bent could use Job rotation. Job rotation is when an employee is periodically shifted from one task to another when an activity is no longer challenging, but the nature of the work would stay the same. According to Robbins and Judge, this would reduce boredom and increase motivation through diversifying employees activities, and helps employees better understand how their work contributes to the organization (p. 18-219). Bent could also use Job enlargement. Job enlargement consists of increasing the number and variety of tasks an employee performs. This is different from Job rotation because the employees Job would be actually changing; the nature of the employees work would be different. The best choice of redesign that Bent should choose for his Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant is Job enrichment. Robbins and Judge explain it as, an enriched Job organizes tasks so as to allow the worker to do a complete activity, increases the employees freedom and independence, increases responsibility, and provides feedback so ndividuals will be able to assess and correct their own performance (p. 220). If Bent were to redesign his plant to have Job enrichment, he would most likely see a great increase in motivation and satisfaction, and also reduced absenteeism and turnover costs. If the Engstrom Auto Mirror Plant, adopted the Job Characteristics Model as their plan to motivate their employees, employees would be motivated at all times. The problem with the Scanlon Plan was that when things went bad in the company, the employees would blame the plan for any problems and lose motivation. By using he Job Characteristics Model, employees would have a hard time placing the blame on it. Also, during the bad times, the working conditions of employees wouldnt be affected very much or at all because the model is based more on individual work than as the whole organization production. Ron Bent should consider ending the Scanlon Plan and then using the Job Characteristics Model to motivate his employees during both the good times and bad.

The Benefits of Having New York Times Essay Samples

The Benefits of Having New York Times Essay SamplesHave you ever wondered what samples of New York Times essay are available? Are they able to help you in writing your own essay that will be accepted by the editors? Yes, they are and there are numerous samples of New York Times essay available for you to peruse.Online sources are your best source for finding these samples of essay samples. You can go online and search for samples of New York Times essay and if you don't find what you are looking for, you can also try using some of the resource web sites.Here is a list of samples of a New York Times essay that you can use: New York Times Articles and Opinion - Sample Essays of the Times. You can get the 'sample essays' online at this website.You can get the 'revised and updated in real time', full-text articles at this website. It's not only the essays but the feature articles as well, such as Profile of a Times Subject - Fact, Fiction, or Spin?, A Reality Check of One of America's Be st Known Brands - Yes, It's True. and Supermarkets Are a Healthier Alternative to Losing Weight.These are just a few samples of articles available to you online at this website. You can also use them for your own essay. However, they aren't just as you would think as most contain an essay by the author or some other short pieces by writers from around the world.For example, if you are not sure about the contents of the short piece, you can read it before making a decision. It's one of the reasons why I use this website so often. It is the best way to get yourself going with the topic that you have for your essay.Many of the writers who provide samples of NYT essays were actually students of the newspaper. Others were actually editors in the past and they can provide you with valuable insight on the topics that are more applicable to your topic, or perhaps even the exact sentence that you should rewrite to best fit into your essay.New York Times essays can help you in your life by kn owing how you should write a certain topic. As long as you are clear on the purpose of your essay, they can certainly be an aid in how to write one that is accepted.

APUSH PERIOD FOUR (1800-1848) KEY CONCEPTS REVIEW Essays

APUSH PERIOD FOUR (1800-1848) KEY CONCEPTS REVIEW Use the space provided to write down specific details that could be used to discuss the key concepts. Key Concept 4.1 The United States began to develop a modern democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while Americans sought to define the nation's democratic ideals and change their society and institutions to match them. I. The nation's transition to a more participatory democracy was achieved by expanding suffrage from a system based on property ownership to one based on voting by all adult white men, and it was accompanied by the growth of political parties. In the early 1800s, national political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the federal government, and relations with European powers. A) cont. * Jeffersonians dedicated to reducing the powers of the federal government (allowed Alien and Sedition Acts, Bank of the United States to lapse; removed forty of Federalist "midnight appointments"; abolished all internal taxes, including the dreaded Whiskey Rebellion tax; reduced size of army; Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin lowered national debt in half, cut ties with Hamiltonian elites) * Jeffersonians, somewhat hypocritically, expanded the power of the federal government through the disaster of the Embargo Act of 1807, and the smashing success of the Louisiana Purchase (which then drove the Federalists in New England and New York to ponder secession in the Essex Junto of 1804, which led to Aaron Burr joining them, and then dueling with Alexander Hamilton - got milk? - Federalists saw their power seriously threatened by new states in West and South that would almost certainly be Jeffersonian) * Jefferson was pro-French, until issue of New Orleans being blocked arose (Louisiana Purchase resolved this problem) * Embargo Act, then Non-Intercourse Act, tried to ban and/or limit trade with Britain and France to try and stop them from interfering with American trade, as well as British impressment * War of 1812 deeply opposed by Federalists, who wanted to keep trading with Britain, and definitely did NOT want war, despite interference with trade and impressment; Jeffersonian War Hawks were westerners who wanted the war to go grab Canada, kill western Indians (Tecumseh and his brother Temskwatawa), and grab Florida (voting records show it was a "western war with eastern labels") * Federalists blocked the War of 1812 in any way possible - refused to make loans to the government, refused to commit militias, refused to support tariffs to finance war, even celebrated British victories at times * Hartford Convention of 1814 toyed with secession, but instead proposed limiting the powers of the federal government (one term presidency, 60-day limit to trade embargoes, 2/3 vote to declare war, prohibit trade, or admit new states); Jackson's victory in New Orleans, and end of war, made them seem traitors * Hamiltonian idea of protective tariff resurrected by Henry Clay in the aftermath of War of 1812; Tariff of 1816 (textiles) * Second Bank of the United States created in 1816 by Henry Clay and James Madison because they'd realized without a national bank, federal government couldn't run a war or economy effectively (Federalists ran the biggest state banks) * Clay proposed internal improvements to expand infrastructure, but Madison vetoed on a strict interpretation, and suggested a constitutional amendment to allow them Supreme Court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws. * Marbury v. Madison (1803) established the principle of judicial review over presidential or congressional actions (judicial review over states already established, but Marbury firmed up the right) (next use on a federal level: 54 years later in the Dred Scott decision) * Fletcher v. Peck (1810) ruled that states could not overturn contracts previously agreed to (limits state power, protects investors from other states , encouraged investment from one state to another in a national economy) * Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) refused to allow New Hampshire to overturn charter for Dartmouth, to turn it into public university (a contract is a contract) * McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) denied the state of Maryland the right to tax a national institution (affirmed supremacy of national government; affirmed loose construction of the Constitution as the correct one, not strict interpretation Maryland wanted) By the 1820s and 1830s,

I dont know Essays

I dont know Essays I dont know Essay I dont know Essay Tell what Mama says about each daughter before Deeds arrival. -Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller fugue. Maggie walks with her chin on chest eyes on ground and feet in a shuffle. 2. What reason does Dee give for changing her name? What is Mamas opinion of Deeds reason? -The reason for Dee changing her name was because she couldnt bear to be named after people who oppress her. Mama didnt like the name change because Dee was named after mamas sister. 3. What is special about the two quilts that Dee wants? The material used to make them are very old and could be worth a lot of money. How does Dee react when she learns what Mama plans to do with the quilts? What does Maggie say that Mama should do with them? Dee gets mad with her mamas plan. She doesnt think its fair for Maggie to have the quilts. Maggie says that her mama should Just give the quilts to Dee. 5. Why does Dee leave the house so abruptly? Dee leaves the house because her Mama finally told her no to the quilts. 6. What can you infer about mamas feelings toward Maggie and Dee, based on the information she gives before Dee arrives? That she loves both of her girls. 7. Do you think the reason Dee gives for changing her name is her only reason? Explain. No, she could have changed her name so that people wouldnt know who her family is. 8. How does the origin of the quilts affect Magpies feelings about them? How does it affect Dee? The origin effects Maggie because its the only way she can remember her grandma. The origin doesnt affect Dee because all she cares about is money. 9. How does Dee feel about Maggie? Support your answer with details from the story. -Dee thinks that Maggie isnt a very smart person. She says that Magpies brain is like an elephants. 0. Dee says at the end, Mimi Just dont understand. In your opinion, does mama understand? Explain. Yes, because she realizes that Maggie is the one that really needs the quilts. 11. Why, do you think, does the author begin the story with a description of the yard and a daydream about being on a television show? The author probably did this so you can visualize what the yard looks like and what Mamas dream was. 12. How important a role does the setting play? How might the story be different if the characters lived in another time and another place? -The setting plays a very important role. The story could be different y the quilts not being popular in another place so that Dee wouldnt want them. 13. Which sister do you like better, Maggie or Dee? Explain. -l like Maggie better because shes not self centered and she Just wants to remember her grandma. 14. Do you feel that you understand your own heritage? Explain. -No because we dont really talk about anything. 15. What advice would you like to give to Maggie? To Dee? To mama? -Advice to Maggie would be to fight for what you want. Advice to Dee would be to see how Maggie really is. Advice to Mama would be to not let Dee have what she wants. I dont know By cadenzas

Causes of delay in public sector construction projects in Saudi Arabia Research Proposal

Causes of delay in public sector construction projects in Saudi Arabia - Research Proposal Example ave been increasingly plagued by lengthy and frequent delays that seem to have become more prevalent after the regulatory reform and subsequent construction company-restructuring of the early and mid-1990s. To improve this situation, there has been increased research interest in identifying the different factors that could cause these delays. One of the main policies and goals of public sector construction is the upgrading of project performance; including completion of projects within time and budget constraints and reduction of costs (Alzeban & Sawan, 2013). In addition, execution and completion time is one of the most important performance measures in the public construction sector. However, the construction industry is subject to the influence of unpredictable factors and changing variables, which could potentially cause project completion delays (Pretorius, 2012). There is a need to understand these causes of delay in order to save public money by identifying potential mitigatin g actions. Delay in the proposed project refers to overrun time beyond the specified data of completion regardless of whether the government grants extension time. Chidambaram et al. (2012) state that there is an increase in public construction project delays and cost, noting the need to investigate the different categories of causes that are responsible for cost overruns and time delays in public-funded projects. The authors argue that this is necessary to ascertain whether current measures put in place to mitigate project delays are valid. Consequently, the researchers reviewed questionnaire survey responses from forty-one previous studies investigating the causes of construction delays. They find that respondents across the forty-one studies reported over 100 causes for project execution and completion delays, which they were able to group into 18 categories (Chidambaram et al., 2012). Nevertheless, they caution that researchers used widely different ranking systems, resulting in

Ancient giza Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ancient giza - Research Paper Example The pyramid is believed to have been built as a tomb for one Egyptian Pharaoh whose name was Khufu. This explains the name Pyramid of Khufu. The name is translated as Cheops in Greek language and this also explains why the pyramid is also known as Pyramid of Cheops. Khufu was a pharaoh in the fourth dynasty. How pyramids were built. Pyramids were normally built from quarry stones. One of the major challenges faced by the Egyptians during early pyramid building was the mobility of the huge rocks as well as other raw materials. The illustrations from the Djehutihoep of the twelfth dynasty show an alabaster statue being pulled by around one hundred and seventy two people. It is estimated that the statue was about sixty tons heavy. It further estimated that one rock block required about forty five workers to move a block of about sixteen thousand three hundred kilogram (Penn State University 23). The Symbolism of Pyramids The shape of pyramids in early Egypt are said to have been symboli c. They are believed to have been representing primordial mound. The early Egyptians believed that the earth had been created from the primordial mound. The shape itself was believed to be a representation of the sunrays. For this reason most pyramids were from high polished and reflective white limestone. The purpose of this was to give the pyramid a shiny look like the sun. Some pyramids were given names that give them a sunny description. For instance, the pyramid at Senwosret in El-Lalun was formed named as Senwosret is shining. While it is generally accepted that the pyramids were general burial monuments, there have been continued disagreement about the particular theological foundational principles surrounded them. One of the theories is that they had been designed as a form of "resurrection machine.† The mummies in the pyramids were actually thought to continue with their lives (Lehner 84). The Egyptians had believed that the dark area brought by the night sky which th e stars appeared around was a heaven gate way. There was a sharp pointed end at the top of the pyramid. This has been believed to suggest that the pyramids were actually a way to send the demised pharaohs to the gods through this opening. Most of the Egyptian pyramids were located on or closer to the banks of river Nile. Most of these pyramids were found on the West of river Nile. This was where the sun normally set. This is said to have a symbol of representation of the demise of the pharaoh to be buried in that pyramid. This can be logically attributed that Nile was an important source of raw materials. The alluvial soil from the river banks as well as the proximity to a large quantity of water. Most of the Egyptian is desert and therefore proximity too water for such heavy construction is very important. The ancient Egypt had an elaborate and complex form of civilization. In fact the civilization from ancient Egypt is said to have influenced civilization in other parts of the wor ld. Although Arabic is the currently widely spoken language the Egyptian language was an indigenous language that was spoken during the ancient. They even had laws (Shupak 103). The language can be evidence from the specific kind of writing that existed in the ancient Egypt. The writings are known as the hieroglyphics. These writings were normally preserved on reeds, papyrus reeds. The Egyptian language kept evolving. The Coptic language was a stage of the

Robert McNamara Essay Example for Free

Robert McNamara Essay As Defense Secretary of two administrations, the Johnson and Kennedy administrations, respectively, Robert McNamara played a great role in shaping US policies that led to the decision to intervene in the Vietnam War. Prior to his role in the Vietnam War, he was already involved in various roles in some of the most major decisions concerning nuclear weapons and delivery system. Such experience would have been useful for him to determine that going to war in Vietnam was a huge mistake and would end up catastrophically for the Americans. However, he certainly mistook Ho Chi Minh’s nationalist drive to unite Vietnam as the challenge of a monolithic Communist work and this proved to be fatal not only to the United States but to Vietnam as well as both camps suffered heavy losses not only in terms of lives but in terms of financial sources as well. But to his credit, he was the only with that kind of status who accepted responsibility for the Vietnam debacle which cost the United States thousands of military servicemen and millions of Vietnamese lives. Despite his belief that the war should have been ended even in the middle of it, McNamara remained â€Å"loyal† to the President. Hence, even if his views were altogether different from the other key players in the Vietnam war, he did not act responsibly toward the American people as he instead kept his silence rather than challenging Johnson and his cabinet and quitting mid-war. His excessive faith in high-tech weapons and later expectations that massive bombing and frontal battles could wear down the Vietnamese enemy certainly added to his accountability. Moreover, even with the increasing withdrawal of support and criticism of the Vietnam War, McNamara fastidiously held on to his silence and this might have resulted in creating the tone of ideological bitterness that now pervades U. S. politics, Bill Schneider, a contributing editor to Opinion, CNN, Los Angeles Times (p. 134). This can be seen by the evident gap or estrangement between the governing class and the people which is symbolized by the draft issue employed by the military. The number of Americans who believe the Vietnam War was a mistake has steadily risen in the years since. Its in the range of 80% now, said John Mueller of the University of Rochester in New York, an expert on public opinion on foreign policy and war. [Doyle McManus, Los Angeles Times opinion (p. 118). ] McNamara should not have kept his silence. As Vann puts it, â€Å"he saw much that was wrong about the war in Vietnam, but he could never bring himself to conclude that the war itself was wrong and unwinnable (p. 8). In fairness to McNamara however, he strongly opposed further bombing of North Vietnam and major deployment of a major ABM system which upset the military chiefs at that time. However, his resignation came in too late, when Johnson was already gunning for a re-election. He could have voiced out his objection when the odds are still with him and as Frank Rich succinctly puts it, â€Å"the real wisdom he might finally have attained a recognition that he was wrong not to announce his mid-war about-face and quit the Johnson Cabinet when lives might still have been saved eludes him†. Frank Rich, New York Times opinion (p. 126).

Comparing Melvilles Moby Dick as a Mans Story and Naslunds Novel, Ah

Comparing Melville's Moby Dick as a Man's Story and Naslund's Novel, Ahab's Wife as a Woman's Story Throughout my reading of Moby Dick and Ahab's Wife, I was disturbed by the fact that the most tempting way to situate the two novels in a relationship was to categorize them as "male" and "female." Moby Dick was, of course, the man's story and Ahab's Wife was its womanly counterpart. This comparison makes sense when you consider the gender of the authors, Melville and Naslund, the gender of their respective narrators, Ishmael and Una, and the experiences portrayed throughout the texts. Many readers argue, "There are no female characters in Moby Dick- how could it be anything but a man's story?" In that context, it is easy to position Ahab's Wife at the opposite end of the literary spectrum because the novel is told solely from a feminine perspective. Viewing the texts in this way indicates that our conceptions of gender have not changed much since the days of Adam and Eve. In that story the man, Adam, came first and provided the foundation for humankind. Eve was an afterthought, born e from a single rib. The rib that became Una can be found in Moby Dick- a single reference to Ahab's spouse back in Nantucket. Adam and Eve represent a clear division between male and female that established the gender binary we now impose on these two texts. I find this dichotomy troubling and ultimately inadequate for several reasons. First of all, I don't agree with the spectrum concept that places maleness on one side and femaleness on the other, then locates Moby Dick and Ahab's Wife at these opposite poles. However, this formula exists in almost every field of study. The scientific term for the differences between males and females of a s... ...the finishing to posterity." (663) Just as Melville left room for Naslund, she has opened the door for more stories to emerge from Moby Dick and more towers to be constructed. Sources Cited Chase, Cheryl. "Hermaphrodites With Attitude: Mapping the Emergence of Intersex Political Action." from "Questions of Gender/Engendering Questions", 130-141 Garber, Marjorie. "Spare Parts: The Surgical Construction of Gender" from "Questions of Gender/Engendering Questions", 361-368 Hemmeter, Gail. "Ambiguous Sexes" from "Questions of Gender/Engendering Questions", 96-118 Melville, Herman. Moby Dick. New York: W.W. Norton & Company Inc, 2002. Naslund, Sena Jeter. Ahab's Wife. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc, 1999. Slaughenhoupt, Bruce L. "Diagnostic Evaluation and Management of the Child With Ambiguous Genitalia." KMA Journal 95 (1997): 135-141.

Plan for the Development of Future Situations Requiring Leadership Essay

This assignment is to development a strategic leadership development plan. There includes to report the CEO regarding the review the strategic management and leadership of the organization. In current situation, Myanmar is in the transition period in both political and economic surface. The treaty of ASEAN free trade area which will start impacting Myanmar from 2015 is a challenge for Myanmar SMEs. As usual consequences of change, while some will benefits from it, some will face setbacks. As the current organization is one of the SMEs in Myanmar, change management which is adaptable for the situation of Myanmar has to be made. Moreover the organization has to prepare for the changes and for adapting corporate and up to date management system. Organization Profile KKK is a manufacturer of authentic Myanmar traditional foods including various kinds of pre-packed ready-made ingredients for traditional curry. Their products are positioned at the high end of the market in terms of both quality and price. Head office of KKK is situated in 78th Street, Mandalay. Manufacturing Plant is situated in Chan Aye Tar Zen Industrial zone. The Plant is operating with about 400 employees from top to bottom line operation. KKK has been in business now for five years and has grown in popularity. What was once a business targeting solely the Myanmar traditional Food community has grown into a business that has far broader appeal. KKK has several objectives that they will achieve to maximize share of local market in pre-packed food industry within the next three years. The first is an increase in sales reaching five thousand Lakhs by  Yearly from local market. KKK also would like to achieve gross margins to be above 55%. KKK also hopes to have 20 different outlets that will distribute their product. Yangon outlet is the first step of these objectives lastly the organization is to become known as the premier authentic Myanmar traditional food producer internationally with an ever-expanding geographic distribution area. Task-1 1.1Explaining the link between strategic management and leadership Strategic managementStrategic Management is all about identification and description of the strategies that managers can carry so as to achieve better performance and a competitive advantage for their organization. An organization is said to have competitive advantage if its profitability is higher than the average profitability for all companies in its industry.| | Strategic management is a continuous process that evaluates and controls the business and the industries in which an organization is involved; evaluates  its competitors and sets goals and strategies to meet all existing and potential competitors; and then reevaluates strategies on a regular basis to determine how it has been implemented and whether it was successful or does it needs replacement. (www.managementstudyguide.com, â€Å"Strategic management†) Leadership The ability of a company’s management to make sound decisions and inspire others to perform well. Effective leaders are able to set and achieve challenging goals, to take swift and decisive action even in difficult situations, to outperform their competition, to take calculated risks and to persevere in the face of failure. Strong communication skills, self-confidence, the ability to manage others and a willingness to embrace change also characterize good leadership. ( www.investopedia.com, â€Å"terms leadership†) A simple definition of leadership is that leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act towards achieving a common goal.( www.sbinfocanada.about.com,â€Å"leadership†) The link between strategic management and leadership Strategic decisions are crucial for the growth and development of any organizastion and vary according to different management and different leadership styles. The change is the function of leadership and strategic decisions means decisions leading to substantial changes in management processes. Hence, Strategic Management and Leadership are closely related or in other words, inseparable. In fact, the terms leadership and strategic management are interchangeable because a leader performs key function like initiating, planning, supporting, controlling, evaluating, etc. Their other responsibilities include building, developing maintaining a team and achieving a common goal by keeping the individual member of the team motivated. As strategic leaders, top level managers must guide the firm in a ways that result in formation of strategic intent and strategic mission. This guidance may lead to goals that stretch everyone in the organization to improve their performance.†Griffin,R.W.1 999 Strategic management is a process of coordinating technological, financial, material and human resources of an organization for enabling it and its stakeholders in achieving stipulated target efficiently and effectively. Strategic  management is a wide term in comparison to leadership as far as scopes are concerned because leadership is mainly limited to organizing, directing and supporting individuals or the human resource in order to achieve the stipulated goal whereas strategic management refers to all resources within an organization. Strategic leadership plays key role in responding to the challenges which businesses have to face due to rapid changes in technology, growing competition and globalization. (www.mbadissertations.blogspot.com, â€Å"link between strategic management†) Strategic objectives of KKK is to maximize share of local market in pre-packed food industry within the next three years. The first is an increase in sales reaching five thousand Lakhs by Yearly from local market. KKK also would like to achieve gross margins to be above 55%. KKK also hopes to have 20 different outlets that will distribute their product. Yangon outlet is the first step of these objectives lastly the organization is to become known as the premier authentic Myanmar traditional food producer internationally with an ever-expanding geographic distribution area. To achieve the strategic goal of the organization, there are should be ways for leaders attempt to get the objectives. Leaders must do to be strategic management. First of all, analysis upon current and future situation has to be made. In analysing current situation, SWOT analysis, PEST analysis techniques can be used. Current situation of Myanmar is lots of challenges. But very near in future, due to the AFTA of ASEAN business from all over the world enter Myanmar and SME’s in Myanmar have to deal with business form ASEAN countries. Our business, traditional food manufacturing and distribution industry has already got more competitive advantage than other industries because the business is based upon traditional food. Leaders of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing company has to analyze the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats for the current and situation of Myanmar and foreign market and have to analyze political, economic, social and technological analysis along with the analysis of the internal and external environment of the organization to meet the strategic objectives. In making analysis the current system and infrastructure of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing has to be considered. More employees need to be trained and more materials have to be required. To open branch offices, communication and cooperation with authorities has to be made. The leaders has to considered whether the raw materials can supply the  demand of the market and transportation condition can be supply the raw in time or not. The leader has to consider the competitors’ strategy in current market. And then decision is the second important matter. In manufacturing, the advanced machine like packing machine, mixing machine and powering machines must be mounted to be more productive. And strategic shop floor management for human resources must be implemented. In Pricing and branding strategies, differentiate with low-cost strategy is suitable for local market. Focus for only traditional strategy is also adequate. Moreover leaders are required to allocate the necessary resources and to design the organization to intended strategy to reality. The leader of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing should attempt to get the objectives by the following ways in the diagram. Product plan/development Market analysis Distribution Supply chain Infrastructure Manufacturing Raw materials branding Promotion Lead generation Channel sales Direct sales Customer service Warranty support Pricing Customer retention. 1.2 Analyzing the impact of leadership styles and management on strategic decisions There are five main types of leadership styles like Autocratic, Bureaucratic, Charismatic, Democratic, Laissez- faire, etc. (Richard L.H. and Katherine C. B. 2005) 1. Autocratic leadership style: when the leaders use absolute powers in making decisions. This is more prevalent in military and Adolf Hitler is a good example of it. In corporate world, United Aviation Services (Dubai) is known for autocratic leadership. 2. Bureaucratic leadership: when the leader follows the strict theories of leadership defined in books. This style is followed where safety measures are prominent specially working on machines. 3. Charismatic leadership: When the followers are highly inspired by the leader and believe blindly in their leader. Mahatma Gandhi was a Charismatic leader. 4. Democratic leadership: When team members are included in decision making by the leader. This helps in building team spirit and motivating all by increasing trust, skill and confidence. 5. Laissez-faire leadership: When the leader leaves the team members to take decisions n their own and monitors them. This is applicable with efficient and capable teams. ( D.D.Warrick â€Å"Journal of Experiential learning and simulation 1981† ) The culture of â€Å"KKK† Company is manufacturing and distribution. Currently, most of the functions in the firm exercises bureaucratic leadership style. In day to day manufacturing operation, distribution and office work practices Bureaucratic Leadership Style. This style seem to be effective because employees are performing routine tasks over and over. Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures. They are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate. In manufacturing area, safety or security training is being conducted. Employees are performing tasks that require handling cash. In all day to day operation of â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing, bureaucratic leadership style is currently exercises. The consequence of the current leadership style of â€Å"KKK† is that the organization suffers from slow development to get to the objectives of the organization. In making strategic decisions in manufacturing team the employees felt frustrated and increase turnover rate and absenteeism. In office work and transaction work, the style effects the occurring of the  loop whole. The employees feel boring in working environment and also is suffering from increasing turnover rate. So excising bureaucratic style purely in the whole organizing occur slow development to reach the goal. 1.3 Evaluating how leadership styles can be adapted to different situations Leadership styles adapted to different situations. It is evident from the various scenario of the given that different leadership styles are required to be adapted in different situation. Autocratic Leadership Style This leadership style has been greatly criticized during the past 30 years. It is the most effective style in the following situations: †¢ New, untrained employees who do not know which tasks to perform or which procedures follow †¢ Effective supervision can be provided only through detailed orders and instructions †¢ There are high-volume production needs on a daily basis †¢ There is limited time in which to make a decision For example, Militaries of the countries, and training sections of the firm follow autocratic leadership styles. For the organization of â€Å"KKK† manufacturing, this style should be followed in training section under the HR department so that the new assigned employees can understand the procedures and can apply in their day to day operation exactly. By applying autocratic in training section, mistakes and risks occurred by newly assigned employees can be reduced in mass manufacturing environment. Bureaucratic Leadership Style This style can be effective when: * Employees are performing routine tasks over and over. * Employees need to understand certain standards or procedures. * Employees are working with dangerous or delicate equipment that requires a definite set of procedures to operate. * Safety or security training is being conducted. * Employees are performing tasks that require handling cash. For example, audit firms, and engineering firms, mass production factories are applied the bureaucratic leadership style. For â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing, the bureaucratic leadership style is adapted in production firms so that the routine jobs can be efficient and effective. Operators must follow the production procedure and standards. Employees in production department must handle dangerous equipments like packing, blending, cutting machines and delicate materials like food which must need to be hygiene. Democratic Leadership Style Democratic leadership is suitable for the situation of high quality and high quantity work for long periods of time. Many employees like the trust they receive and respond with cooperation, team spirit, and high morale. For example, arts entrainment firms like broadcasting TV and radio channels, firms based on advanced technology like â€Å"Apple† and â€Å" Microsoft† apply he democratic leadership style. For â€Å"KKK† food manufacturing, democratic style leadership style is adequate in office work and long term strategy. In top level management strategic decision making, the style is appropriate. Laissez-Faire Leadership Style The leadership style is appropriate under the situation of: * Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and educated. * Employees have pride in their work and the drive to do it successfully on their own. * Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are being used * Employees are trustworthy and experienced. For example, industries like hotel and hospitality, dealing with experienced vendors, dealing with audit firms and legal consultant firms need to be practiced the leadership style. For our organization, â€Å"KKK†, we must deal with vendors like â€Å"Unilever food solution† for the purpose of training the employees and promoting the manufacturing procedure in line with international food manufacturing procedures. In dealing with outside experts, staff specialists and consultants the laissez-fair leadership style is effective. Task2 2.1reviewing the impact that selected theories of management and leadership have on organizational strategy Leadership Leadership is a process of giving purpose to collective effort, and causing willing effort to be expended to achieve purpose. (Jacobs and Jaques , 1990, pg 281) Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute toward the effectiveness and success of the organization. (House et al, 1999, pg 184) Every leaders attempt to achieve organizational objectives through other people ( their subordinates) on their own ways. Famous examples of charismatic or autocratic leaders are Winston Churchill, Bill Clinton, Mother Teresa and Adolph Hitler. They used their authority in highly manner and by structured set of reward and management. A famous example of bureaucratic leader is Paul Tetu Sr. and Paul Tetu Jr. motor bike production in America. The leaders enforce their subordinates to rule. Carlos Ghosn (born 9 March 1954) President and chief executives officer of Renault, France and CEO of Nissaan, Japan, has the style of democratic leadership. He always empowers his employees to take decision. He provided his employee’s challenges to perform better at the same time made them realized that he trusted them and their capabilities. Another famous leader who applied the Laissez-fair style is Mahatma Gandhi, National leader of India. All authority or power given to the people and they determine goals make the decisions, and resolve problems on their own. So, many leaders apply different leadership strategy through their people on their own way according to the situations. There are several theories of management and leadership on organizational strategy like Great Man theories, Trait theories, Behaviorist theory, Situational leadership, Contingency theory, Transactional Theory, transformational theory, etc. Different organizations are influenced by different theories of management and leadership. John Adair’s Action Centred Leadership (Greatman Theory) Source: www.adventuremas.com, Innovations in Management Development Task Leadership actions to achieve the Task include: * Defining the task and keeping it clear * Clarifying fit of the task to the more global vision and mission * Identifying resources and developing options * Establishing priorities, time frames, and specific plans of action * Establishing systems for communication * Implementing plans and responding positively to change * Assessing progress and considering contingencies on an ongoing basis Team Leadership actions to Build and Maintain the Team include: * Involving team members to generate alignment * Soliciting ideas and building on them * Establishing roles * Optimizing the exchange of information * Monitoring the team’s process and dynamics * Resolving conflict * Recognizing team successes Individual Leadership actions to Empower Individuals include: * Encouraging varying viewpoints * Harvesting ideas * Allocating responsibilities to capitalize on individual strengths and develop individuals * Listening * Facilitating and giving feedback * Delegating when it can be effective * Counseling and encouraging individuals (www.adventuremas.com, Innovations in Management Development) Three – Dimensions Theory There are three dimensions to effective leadership, each of which is within the control of the individual leader, and each of which can be developed through appropriate support and guidance. Effective leadership is about developing your ability in each of the three dimensions and then choosing to apply your skills and abilities in a balanced, three-dimensional way. Source: (www.mapleassociates.com, Simon Batty MBA MCMI â€Å"Three-Dimensional Leadership – the balanced approach†) Each dimension is of equal importance, which means that leaders who have development needs in one or more of the dimensions, will display behaviours that indicate an opportunity for improvement. Simply developing an already strong dimension will not work; a strength overplayed can become a weakness. Values The first dimension of leadership is that of values. These are the internal thoughts that influence the way a leader views the world around them. Some values are deeply embedded in our moral framework. For example, they guide us in the difference between right and wrong, good or bad. Developed as we progress through childhood, are increasingly challenging to change or modify, as we grow older. Effectiveness In order to lead people effectively, the individual leader must first be able to self-manage. This means that they must be ‘personally effective’ in performing key tasks. Time management (or rather, effective use of time), is a prime example. Leaders who fail to identify and manage their own priorities are unlikely to help team members do any better. Worse still, they may feel threatened by a team member who is more accomplished in this basic management skill than they are. Influence It is important to note that truly influential leaders are not necessarily those who are seeking the popular vote. Leaders who use their personal charisma, or popularity, to motivate and influence, whilst neglecting to develop their values or effectiveness dimensions, need to beware of the following, ‘How the mighty fall when the popular vote disappears!’ Charm may work for a while, but real credibility and respect are based upon the ability to deliver results in all areas. (www.mapleassociates.com, Simon Batty MBA MCMI â€Å"Three-Dimensional Leadership – the balanced approach†) Transformational Theory Transformational leadership theory is all about leadership that creates positive change in the followers whereby they take care of each other’s interests and act in the interests of the group as a whole. James MacGregor Burns first brought the concept of transformational leadership to prominence in his extensive research into leadership. The four components of the transformational leadership style are: (1) Charisma or idealized influence – the degree to which the leader behaves in admirable ways and displays convictions and takes stands that cause followers to identify with the leader who has a clear set of values and acts as a role model for the followers. (2) Inspirational motivation – the degree to which the leader articulates a vision that is appeals to and inspires the followers with optimism about future goals, and offers meaning for the current tasks in hand. (3) Intellectual stimulation – the degree to which the leader challenges assumptions, stimulates and encourages creativity in the followers – by providing a framework for followers to see how they connect to the leader, the organization, each other, and the goal] they can creatively overcome any obstacles in the way of the mission. (4) Personal and individual attention – the degree to which the leader attends to each individual follower’s needs and acts as a mentor or coach and gives respect to and appreciation of the individual’s contribution to the team. This fulfills and enhances each individual team members’ need for self-fulfillment, and self-worth – and in so doing inspires followers to further achievement and growth. (www.ezinearticles.com, Stephen Warrilow â€Å"Transformational Leadership Theory – The 4 Key Components in Leading Change & Managing Change†) Source: Model of Transformational Leadership, www.managementstudyguide.com For the selected organization â€Å"KKK† transformational leadership theory, 2.2Creating a leadership strategy that supports organizational direction Transformational theory has much in common. The theory focuses on attempting to explain how leaders can accomplish extraordinary things against the odds, such as turning around a falling company, founding a successful company. The theories also emphasize the importance of leader’s inspiring subordinates’ admiration, dedication, and unquestioned loyalty through articulating a clear and compelling vision. Utilizing the theory can be the positive impact on our organization needs restructuring and reengineering in leadership and management. Transforming to corporate culture must be implemented. If possible mergers, acquisition, joint ventures have to be established. The above three theories, John Adair’s theory, 3D theory and transformational leadership must be adequately mixed and applied in our organization. Through employees, utilizing appropriate leadership style in different sections, individuals engages with each other and is able to create a connection that result in increased motivation and morality in both followers and leaders. Leaders can also initiate, develop, and implement important changes in a confidence, extroversion, and understand the value of the organization. Our changing strategy is to meet the requirement of the time of AFTA (2015) and can get competitive advantage in food manufacturing industry via traditional food. ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) AFTA is a free trade zone in Southeast Asia where member countries include Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and Brunei. The AFTA agreement supports the effort to relax trade barriers amongst member countries in order to achieve direct trade benefits. The purpose of a SWOT analysis of the manufacturing industry is to identify the key factors that affect the success of the industry. The four factors considered a part of a SWOT analysis are: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis estimates the risks for a particular industry. 1. Strengths * The strengths of the manufacturing industry are that it is relatively stable. Although the demand for manufacturing tends to fluctuate with the ups and downs of the economy, it is characterized by regular periods of recovery following any downturns. Moreover, manufacturing has become highly efficient over the last century, with the ability to maximize both the productivity of the workers and machines to maximize profits. Weaknesses * A weakness of the manufacturing industry is that much of it is built on the production of non-essential goods. This means that a severe downturn in the economy can have a crippling effect on it. Another weakness is that it is a mature industry. This means that there is heavy competition and little room for growth. As a result, the manufacturing industry can be a cash cow for those who are already in it but may be unattractive to new entrants. * Sponsored Links * Software Metrics Measure your IT for a competitive advantage. Learn more. davidconsultinggroup.com/Metrics Opportunities * Opportunities in the manufacturing industry are in the technology and bio-technology areas. These are growing market segments with higher profit margins. Additionally, they are knowledge-dependent market segments that require highly specialized workers, which makes it difficult for low wage countries to compete in this market segment, thereby providing an edge to more industrialized countries. Foreign markets with a growing middle class are providing opportunities for technology and bio-technology manufacturers to increase their profitability through exports. Threats * The largest threats to the manufacturing industry in developed nations are from low wage countries. The low wages of these countries have made it impossible for many businesses in developed nations to compete, requiring them to either close or move overseas to find cheap labor. Increasingly, India is an even bigger threat to the manufacturing industry, with its ability to supply highly educated workers at low wages to fill roles in the high-tech manufacturing market segment. Read more: SWOT Analysis of Manufacturing Industry | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_6767951_swot-analysis-manufacturing-industry.html#ixzz2HdkmsvMX 1. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats STRENGTHS †¢ Some expenditure on food is essential for everyone and is considered an established part of the household budget. †¢ Many food products are deemed necessities and are unlikely to be harshly affected by any economic downturn. It is discretionary spending that is usually badly hit in a recession, which is, therefore, more likely to harm sales of ‘luxury’ foods. †¢ The UK has a well-established supply structure, in terms of both its production base — for meat, dairy products, fresh and processed vegetables, bakery products and fish, in particular — and its network of retail outlets — mainly in the form of major multiples. †¢ Following a period of extensive rationalisation and restructuring, the UK food industry can now benefit from more focused businesses and generally more efficient supply chains. †¢ The food-processing sector has also benefited from consolidation, which has created more vertically integrated companies and more economies of scale. †¢ Consumer demands for convenience have served to increase the opportunities for foodretailing, which are no longer confined to the traditional food outlets or to daylight hours. As well as minimising missed opportunities, it also enables the industry to capitalise on impulse purchasing. †¢ In such a mature industry, the competitive pressure on suppliers ensures a high degree of product innovation. WEAKNESSES †¢ Few brands enjoy high levels of consumer loyalty and in certain sectors, such as cereals, bread and yoghurt, it is particularly limited. As a result, product switching and the growth of own labels are harming sales of some brands. †¢ The buying power of the large supermarket chains, and their demand for lower-priced supplies, has put further pressures on food-industry margins —especially on producers operating in commodity sectors, such as milk. (It is possible that future EU legislation will prevent the sale of goods below cost price and will set a†¦ 2.